Softwarebased fault isolation, foundations and trends r in privacy and. Controlflow integrity cfi 1,4,12,16,27,33,34,38,45,47,4952 is a security property that restricts the set of targets that can be reached by any controlow transfer to a statically determined controlow graph. Efficient softwarebased fault isolation acm digital library. Based fault isolation robert wahbe, steven lucco thomas e. Once a library is linked into a software program, a bug in the library can lead to compromise of the whole program. Implementation and analysis of software based fault isolation 5 of 32 and to set up the lighter softwareenforced fault context. Past examples include typed assembly language, proofcarrying code, software fault isolation, and control flow isolation. Shoah foundation institute university of southern california sfi.
Softwarebased fault isolation rpc module b module c. Cfi is also useful as a foundation for enforcing sfi, or other higher level policies, such as xfi 14 or writeintegrity 40. A problem of current approaches to sfi is that fault isolation is decoupled from the dynamic loader, which is treated as a black box. One way to provide fault isolation among cooperating software modules is to place each in its own address space. A flexible and efficient memory map data structure records ownership and layout information for memory regions. Its a very handy coincidence to have two such experience and system design report papers appearing side by side so. Controlflow integrity control flow integrity for cots binaries.
In proceedings of the fourteenth acm symposium on operating systems principles. Citeseerx i control your code attack vectors through the. Portable software fault isolation princeton cs princeton university. A direct pattern recognition of sensor readings that indicate a fault and an analysis. Once a library is linked into a software program, a bug in. Instruction set architecture isa extension support is described for control flow integrity cfi and for xfi memory protection. Modelbased sensor fault detection and isolation method. An indepth study of mpubased isolation techniques request pdf. Rlbox supports efficient sandboxing through either software based fault isolation or multicore process isolation. Tu dresden softwarebased fault isolation credits this first part is based on the paper efficient softwarebased fault isolation by robert wahbe, steven lucco, thomas e. Rlbox supports efficient sandboxing through either softwarebasedfault isolation or multicore process isolation. Cfi and xfi can significantly increase the security and integrity of software execution.
Graham software extensibility operating systems kernel modules device drivers unix vnodes application software postresql ole quark xpress, office but. Principles and implementation techniques of softwarebased fault isolation by g. Safe loading a foundation for secure execution of untrusted. Thus, various sensor fault diagnosis algorithms have been designed to detect and isolate the faulty sensor, but these algorithms also can be used for fault tolerant control to preserve the safety of the vehicle. Softwarebased fault isolation sfi provides a framework to execute arbitrary code while protecting the host system. Prevent extensions code from writing to apps memory outside sandbox prevent extensions code from transferring control to. Modular software fault isolation as abstract interpretation.
Softwarebased fault isolation how is softwarebased fault. Lowlevel inlined reference monitors irm such as control flow integrity and software based fault isolation can foil numerous software attacks. A fundamental idea in computer security lampson 74 protection. This work proposes a novel method that not only detects the occurrence of a leakage fault, but also suggests its location and severity. So far, the environment has been responsible for policy. Isa support is provided for xfi in the form of boundscheck instructions. Flow sensitive usually at least quadratic dataflow examples.
Xfi uses sfi to isolate kernel modules in kernel space. Windows vista and later editions include a low mode process running, known as user account control uac, which only allows writing in a specific directory and registry keys. Isolation via protection domains penn state engineering. Efficient softwarebased fault isolation, published by acm. Binary controlflow trimming masoud ghaffarinia semantic. Cerias center for education and research in information. Other topics include software based fault isolation, typesafe languages, certifying compilers. Principles and implementation techniques of softwarebased fault isolation.
Sfi confines untrusted code within a fault domain, in same. Efficient softwarebased fault isolation by wahbe et al. Efficient softwarebased fault isolation by wahbe, lucco. Tom burkleaux s slides for fault domain and cross fault domain communication figs on efficient software based isolation carl yaos slides for examples of segment matching and address sandboxing slides on efficient software based isolationon efficient software based isolationsandboxing sandboxing ssffiirisc. We use software based fault isolation sandboxing to restrict application memory accesses and control flow to protection domains within the address space. May 23, 2012 software based fault isolation sfi provides a framework to execute arbitrary code while protecting the host system. Sfi software based fault isolation 373839 uses instruction rewriting but provides isolation sandboxing rather than hardening, typically allowing jumps anywhere within a sandboxed code region. Graham and appeared at the symposium on operating system principles in 1993 3. Efficient userspace information flow control proceedings. Graham computer science division university of california berkeley, ca 94720 abstract one way to provide fault isolation among cooperating software modules is to place each in its own address space. Safedrive applies sfi to enforce the type safety in kernel extensions.
Efficient softwarebased fault isolation acm sigops. Anderson computer university berkeley, science division of california ca 94720 abstract one way to provide fault isolation among. Combining controlflow integrity and static analysis for ef. Softwarebased fault isolation rpc module b module c problem. Sfi directly modifies software at the instruction level to efficiently check that memory addresses and jump targets lie only in designated safe data and code regions.
In the second part of this paper we present isa support for xfi, in the form of simple boundscheck instructions. Combining controlflow integrity and static analysis for. Sfi software fault isolation is a classical technique for safety enforcement in the programs. A direct pattern recognition of sensor readings that indicate a fault and an analysis of the discrepancy between the sensor readings. Isolation design flow idf for spartan6 xapp1145, developing secure designs with the spartan6 family using the isolation design flow, helps fpga designers implement safe and secure designs. The control system stops working when a sensor fault is detected, which means that the vehicle runs in an unprotected state. Efficient software based fault isolation efficient software based fault isolation wahbe, robert. In this paper, we present a software approach to implementing fault isolation within a single address space. Guards guarantee that the threat of attacks that alter the control flow, e. This paper presents an approach to software based fault isolation sfi that verifies every single instruction that is executed.
Softwarebased fault isolation sfi, or sandboxing, is a technique to enforce security policies constraining memory access and control flow in untrusted binary code. This is embodied by a recent approach to security known as softwarebased fault isolation sfi. Isolation option 2 software based isolation all modules in same virtual address protect them from each other provide efficient communication 8 efficient software based fault isolation robert wahbe, steven lucco, thomas e. However, the original sandboxing technique of wahbe et al.
Softwarebased fault isolation run untrustedbinary extension in same process address spaceas trusted app code place extensions code and data in sandbox. Softwarebased fault isolation sfi or sandboxing enforces such a policy by rewriting the untrusted code at the instruction level. Principles and implementation techniques of softwarebased fault. Remote timing attacks are practical by brumley and boneh. Applicationtransparent isolation of libraries with. Softwarebased fault isolation how is softwarebased. Arm and x8664 that provide controlflow and memory integrity with average.
Software fault isolation sfi we present a new technique for architecture portable software fault isolation sfi, together with a prototype implementation in the coq proof assistant. Home conferences asiaccs proceedings asia ccs efficient userspace information flow control. That is, modify the programs so that they behave only in safe ways. Dynamically linked libraries are commonly used in software programs to facilitate code reuse. Xfi can be seen as a flexible, generalized form of software based fault isolation sfi.
Other control flow structures such as condi tional branches, switch statements, blockandexit construc tions, and jumps to labels have welldefined semantics in. The approach targets stripped binary native code with no sourcederived metadata or symbols, can remove semantic features irrespective of whether theywere intended andor known to code. Control flow integrity control flow integrity for cots binaries. Efficient software based fault isolation by wahbe et al. Type checking is flow insensitive since a variable has a. Lowlevel inlined reference monitors irm such as controlflow integrity and softwarebased fault isolation can foil numerous software attacks. Instruction set architecture isa extension support is described for controlflow integrity cfi and for xfi memory protection. This paper presents an approach to softwarebased fault isolation sfi that verifies every single instruction that is executed. The tool can be used to restrict a process from reading, writing, or executing addresses outside a specified range without the need for hardwarebased process isolation. Feb 11, 2015 the center for education and research in information assurance and security cerias is currently viewed as one of the worlds leading centers for research and education in areas of information security that are crucial to the protection of critical computing and communication infrastructure. Finegrained controlflow integrity through binary hardening. The olga software is employed to provide the pipeline inlet pressure and outlet flow rates as the training data for the fault detection and isolation fdi system.
Stephen mccamant mit and i developed an efficient softwarebased fault isolation sfi tool for intel x86 code. Our results indicate that support for cfi and xfi is a straightforward, simple addition to. Your story matters citation zeng, bin, gang tan, and j. Current implementations share one or more drawbacks. Software fault isolation sfi consists in transforming untrusted code so that it runs within a specific address space, called the sandbox and verifying at loadtime that the binary code does indeed stay inside the sandbox. In addition, the semantics for cfi instructions allows more precise static control flow graph encodings than were possible with a prior software cfi implementation. Xfi can be seen as a flexible, generalized form of softwarebased fault isolation sfi.
Reference design and application note for xapp1145. Tu dresden software based fault isolation credits this first part is based on the paper efficient software based fault isolation by robert wahbe, steven lucco, thomas e. Architectural support for softwarebased protection. Software fault isolation sfi is an effective approach to sandboxing binary code of. Modelbased sensor fault detection and isolation method for a. A new method of automatically reducing the attack surfaces of binary software is introduced, affording code consumers the power to remove features that are unwanted or unused in a particular deployment context. Conventionally, those irms are implemented through binary rewriting or transformation on equivalent lowlevel programs that are tightly coupled with a specific instruction set architecture isa. Efficient softwarebased fault isolation, acm sigops. Flow rate in technical units th versus time in s is shown. Compared to software guards, hardware support for cfi and xfi increases the efficiency and simplicity of enforcement. Efficient softwarebased fault isolation efficient softwarebased fault isolation wahbe, robert.
Implementation and analysis of software based fault isolation. Softwarebased fault isolation sfi implemented as a userspace library all code is translated before it is executed code is checked and verified on the fly all unsafe instructions are encapsulated or rewritten check targets and origins of control flow transfers illegal instructions halt the program. Software fault isolation sfi, allows running untrusted native code by sandboxing all store, read and jump assembly instructions to isolated segments of memory. Another way to get programs to behave in a manner consistent with a given security policy is by brainwashing. Cs 5 system security softwarebased fault isolation. Software based fault isolation sfi, or sandboxing, is a technique to enforce security policies constraining memory access and control flow in untrusted binary code. Finergrained control flow integrity for stripped binaries. This is embodied by a recent approach to security known as software based fault isolation sfi. Principles and implementation techniques of software based fault isolation. However, for tightlycoupled modules, this solution incurs prohibitive context switch overhead. A common theme is the focus on systemslevel languages and tools that can help detect or prevent common vulnerabilities in software. Isa replaces cfi guard code with single instructions.
I control your code attack vectors through the eyes of. Efficient softwarebased fault isolation by wahbe, lucco, anderson, graham 46 hardware. Ben niu, gang tan, efficient userspace information flow control, proceedings of the 8th acm. Int86, it is possible to encapsulate a module using no re served registers by restricting control flow within a fault domain. Efficient software based fault isolation robert wahbe steven lucco thomas e. Tan bringing the web up to speed with webassembly by a. Exemplification of flow rate model 3 quality in fault free state normal process state. On the effectiveness of controlflow integrity by n. Fault detection, isolation, and recovery fdir is a subfield of control engineering which concerns itself with monitoring a system, identifying when a fault has occurred, and pinpointing the type of fault and its location. The center for education and research in information assurance and security cerias is currently viewed as one of the worlds leading centers for research and education in areas of information security that are crucial to the protection of critical computing and communication infrastructure.
Performance overheads are modest and transient, and have only minor impact on page latency. Efficient softwarebased fault isolation by wahbe, lucco, anderson, graham 46 hardware memory protection virtual address translation, x86 segmentation software. Ppt fuzzy logic application for fault isolation of. Thus, various sensor fault diagnosis algorithms have been designed to detect and isolate the faulty sensor, but these algorithms also can be used for faulttolerant control to preserve the safety of the vehicle. Securing software by enforcing dataflow integrity manuel costa joint work with. Isolation option 2 softwarebased isolation all modules in same virtual address protect them from each other provide efficient communication 8 efficient softwarebased fault isolation robert wahbe, steven lucco, thomas e. Efficient softwarebased fault isolation robert wahbe steven lucco thomas e. We reduce the cost of these activities, and thus the cost of an rpc, through software fault isolation techniques.
1501 1517 39 1283 20 737 387 186 290 721 966 123 803 1112 1155 844 534 991 939 853 1037 1101 126 1142 1088 1456 538 303 937 1415 834 866 1412 1483 XML HTML